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TB-500 Blueprint

A bold panel-by-panel digest of the TB-500 / thymosin beta-4 research record — what the actin-binding heptapeptide is, where its repair and neuro findings come from, and how compounded and regulatory access actually stands.

STUDIES AND FDA SOURCES / 07

How can you check each TB-500 claim?

You can open every cited study and government page here, then read the same records we used.

Return to the studiesRead the legal status

What each source lets you check

How can you check the facts? Every cited TB-500 source appears below, so you can open the paper yourself. Each study links to the medical journal and to PubMed, the government's medical library.

You'll also see when a study used full thymosin beta-4 instead of TB-500. That difference matters to your choice because the sold fragment hasn't been tested like the full protein. The legal links open the FDA's pharmacy rules [16][17][18]. You don't have to take a seller's word for any claim.

  1. Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. ↗
  2. Bock-Marquette I, et al. Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair. Nature. 2004;432(7016):466-472. ↗
  3. Malinda KM, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(3):364-368. ↗
  4. Morris DC, et al. A dose-response study of thymosin β4 for the treatment of acute stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2014;345(1-2):61-67. ↗
  5. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. ↗
  6. Ruff D, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin β4 in healthy volunteers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1194:223-229. ↗
  7. Xiong Y, et al. Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of thymosin β4 treatment following experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2012;116(5):1081-1092. ↗
  8. Morris DC, et al. Thymosin beta4 improves functional neurological outcome in a rat model of embolic stroke. Neuroscience. 2010;169(2):674-682. ↗
  9. Srivastava D, Saxena A, Dimaio JM, Bock-Marquette I. Thymosin beta4 and cardiac repair. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1194:87-96. ↗
  10. Evans MA, et al. Thymosin β4: A Multi-Faceted Tissue Repair Stimulating Protein in Heart Injury. Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(37):6294-6305. ↗
  11. Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  12. Su Y, et al. Thymosin β4 promotes zebrafish Mauthner axon regeneration by facilitating actin dynamics. BMC Biol. 2024;22(1):241. ↗
  13. Wang Z, et al. Thymosin β4 increases cardiac cell proliferation, cell engraftment, and the reparative potency of mesenchymal stromal cells in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. Theranostics. 2021;11(16):7995-8011. ↗
  14. Xing Y, et al. Progress on the Function and Application of Thymosin β4. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:767785. ↗
  15. Zhu J, et al. Mechanism of thymosin β4 in ameliorating liver fibrosis via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023;37(8):e23338. ↗
  16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (entry: 'Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500'; effective 2023-09-29). FDA.gov. ↗
  18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (agenda lists BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance finalized January 2025). FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  20. Cha HJ, Jeong MJ, Kleinman HK. Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003. ↗
  21. Zhang Y, et al. Thymosin beta 4 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion and JNK activation. Cancer Biol Ther. 2008. ↗
  22. Ho EN, et al. Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2012. ↗
  23. Spurney CF, et al. Evaluation of skeletal and cardiac muscle function after chronic administration of thymosin beta-4 in the dystrophin deficient mouse. PLoS One. 2010. ↗
  24. Delcourt V, et al. TB500/TB1000 and SGF1000: A scientific approach for a better understanding of misbranded and adulterated drugs. Drug Test Anal. 2023. ↗